臥底經濟學家
Why wishful thinking doesn’t work
一廂情願的政策難奏效


FT專欄作家哈福德:一廂情願的思維方式不但解決不了問題,還會適得其反。在政策制定的過程中,要充分利用市場機制,讓人們自己選擇優先順序。

Three years ago, the University of Vermont in Burlington began to experiment with a few nudges towards a healthy, sustainable lifestyle. First, in 2012, campus outlets and the company operating the vending machines were required to make sure that at least 30 per cent of the drinks on offer were wholesome stuff such as vegetable juice, low-fat milk and water. A few months later, selling bottled water on campus was banned outright. The aim, pushed hard by student campaigners, was to encourage students to fill reusable bottles with tap water instead.

三年前,位於伯靈頓的佛蒙特大學(University of Vermont)開始嘗試一些推進健康、可持續生活方式的「輕推」(nudge)舉措。首先,在2012年,校園商店和經營自動售貨機的公司被要求確保它們提供的飲料中有至少30%是健康飲品,比如蔬菜汁、低脂牛奶和水。幾個月後,校園裏徹底禁售瓶裝水。這一舉動的目標是鼓勵學生用自來水灌入可重複使用的飲水瓶、以代替瓶裝水,學生倡導者也努力推動這一目標的實現。

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