For the past 40 years in America, competition policy has revolved around the consumer. This is in part the legacy of legal scholar Robert Bork, whose 1978 book The Antitrust Paradox held that the major goal of antitrust policy should be to promote “business efficiency”, which from the 1980s onwards came to be measured in consumer prices. These were considered the fundamental measure of consumer wellbeing, which was in turn the centre of economic wellbeing.
過去40年，美國的競爭政策一直圍繞著消費者。這在一定程度上是法律學者羅伯特•博克(Robert Bork)的遺產。博克在1978年出版的《反托拉斯悖論》(The Antitrust Paradox)一書中認爲，反托拉斯政策的主要目標應該是提高「商業效率」，從上世紀80年代起商業效率就開始以消費者價格來衡量。消費者價格被認爲是衡量消費者福祉的基本指標，而消費者福祉又是經濟福祉的核心。
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