Economists like to talk about the “value chain” of manufacturing. Some things, like sewing shirts, don't take a lot of capital or education or specialised skills. All the way at the other end of the chain you have airplanes, which demand massive plants and a well-trained, well-paid workforce. The original argument for normalising trade with China in 2001 was that it could have the lowest links on the chain, and more developed countries could clip in a little higher.
經濟學家喜歡談論製造業的「價值鏈」。有些事情，比如縫製襯衫，不需要大量的資金、教育或專業技能。在鏈條的另一端，你有飛機，需要大量的工廠和訓練有素的高薪勞動力。2001年與中國貿易正常化的最初論點是，中國可以佔據價值鏈上的低端環節，而較發達的國家可以佔據略高一些的環節。
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