Europe is blessed with many things but abundant and accessible mineral wealth and processing infrastructure are not among them.
Industrially, Europe has positioned itself as a centre of excellence for research and development and high-end manufacturing, insulated from the challenges of extracting and processing raw commodities. Politically, Europe has driven the global agenda in environmental, social and governance best practices. These policies have to an extent reinforced the region’s separation from the world of commodities.
All of this made sense in a world where supply chains were globally integrated. But the invasion of Ukraine has highlighted the risks of being too far removed from sources of supply.