Adam Smith, the father of modern capitalism, famously thought that fair markets required a shared moral framework between buyer and seller. That’s no surprise, considering that his ideas came out of the 18th-century marketplace, in which producers and consumers were likely to be neighbours. Advances in technology, transport and communications have taken us a long way since then, creating complex global supply chains. These have reduced consumer prices but introduced risks of their own, from market-distorting monopoly power to labour exploitation and environmental degradation.
現代資本主義之父亞當•史密斯(Adam Smith)有一個著名的觀點：公平市場需要買賣雙方有一致的道德框架。這並不奇怪，因爲他的想法源於18世紀的市場，當時的市場背景下，生產者和消費者很可能是鄰居。從那時起，技術、交通運輸和通訊的進步爲我們帶來了長足的發展，創造了複雜的全球供應鏈。這雖然降低了消費者價格，但也帶來了其自身的風險，從扭曲市場的壟斷力量到勞動力剝削和環境惡化。