Transparency is a relatively new concept in Europe. For centuries, the continent was shaped by institutions that jealously guarded their secrecy. For example, the Council of Ten, which ran the Republic of Venice for almost 500 years, took its decisions in camera.
在歐洲，透明度還是一個較爲新潮的概念。幾個世紀以來，那些小心翼翼地保護自身祕密的機構塑造出了歐洲大陸的保密傳統。例如，管理威尼斯共和國(Republic of Venice)將近500年的十人委員會(Council of Ten)，便是閉門做決定的。
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