The idea of using oil as a weapon calls to mind the Arab oil embargo of October 1973, when prices quadrupled overnight and the US, Europe and Japan, then the biggest energy consumers, saw long queues at petrol stations. The industrialised world was thrown into turmoil by the turn of the spigot. In response it created the International Energy Agency to protect security of supply and thus make it harder for the global economy to be held to ransom by the actions of a few producers.
把石油當成一種武器這個想法，讓人回想起1973年阿拉伯國家的石油禁運。當時，油價一夜之間上漲3倍，在最大的幾個能源消費地區——美國、歐洲和日本，加油站都排起了長隊。石油禁運讓工業化世界一下子陷入動盪。於是，它們設立了國際能源署(IEA)，以保護石油供應安全，少數幾個石油生產國拿石油供應來威脅全球經濟的圖謀，從而也更難以得逞。
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