The writer is the former head of the Iran Migration Observatory
The number of Iranian students abroad reached record highs in 2024, signalling an unprecedented wave of emigration that is steadily depleting the country’s human capital. This exodus highlights a critical challenge for Iran: the loss of its educational elite and skilled professionals at a time when development hinges on retaining and nurturing talent. The departures are a symptom of deeper, systemic issues plaguing the nation.
The root causes of this trend are as complex as they are interrelated. Economic hardship, exacerbated by years of sanctions, has created a bleak financial landscape. High inflation, a devalued currency and diminished job prospects have left young Iranians disillusioned about their future. This is compounded by social frustrations and political instability, including the persistent threat of regional conflict. Together, these factors have propelled not only students but also labourers, entrepreneurs and asylum seekers to pursue opportunities abroad.