In its early years, the World Health Organization led the fight to eradicate smallpox and polio. It helped governments take on the tobacco industry and championed wider access to HIV treatments. More recently, with non-profit organisations playing an expanding role, it has struggled to assert its influence and tackle new challenges, such as the rising burden of non-communicable disease. It was culpably slow to respond to the 2014 Ebola outbreak. In the absence of multilateral leadership, other actors entered the fray but co-ordination was visibly lacking.
在世界衛生組織（World Health Organization，簡稱WHO）成立初期，該組織領導了根除天花和小兒麻痹症的鬥爭。它還幫助各國政府與菸草業對抗，並支持讓更多人獲得愛滋病治療。後來，由於非營利組織發揮了越來越大的作用，WHO很難再維持其影響力並應對新的挑戰——比如日益加重的非傳染性疾病的負擔。2014年埃博拉病毒(Ebola)爆發時，該組織的應對遲緩到該受懲罰的地步。在缺少多邊領導機制的情況下，其他參與方加入到競爭中，但明顯缺乏協調。